Everything about Marcos De Aguilar totally explained
Marcos de Aguilar (b.
Seville,
Spain, d.
March 1,
1527,
Mexico City) was briefly royal governor of
New Spain (from
July 16,
1526 to
March 1,
1527).
Marcos de Aguilar was a
licenciado. He served in various judicial capacities in Seville. Before his arrival in New Spain, he'd been Inquisitor of the Indies and
alcalde mayor of
Santo Domingo, with his residence on the island of
Hispaniola.
In 1525 or 1526 news of the rivalry between
Alonso de Estrada and
Gonzalo de Salazar in the government of
New Spain reached
Madrid, as did rumors of the death of
Hernán Cortés at the hands of the
Indigenous. (Cortés hadn't been killed. He was absent from the capital on an expedition to
Honduras, but word hadn't been heard from him for some time.) King
Charles I (Emperor Charles V) ordered a
juicio de residencia (a commission of inquiry) to investigate Cortés and ascertain the true situation in the colony, and the state of the interim government.
To carry out these orders, Charles named
Luis Ponce de León as judge of the
residencia and governor of New Spain. Ponce de León sailed from
Sanlúcar de Barrameda on
February 2,
1526. Ponce de León was delayed in
Hispaniola until
May 31,
1526 for repairs to his ship. When he sailed again, he was accompanied by Licenciado Marcos de Aguilar. Aguilar was sent as
visitador (inspector), specifically charged with investigating the religious topics that might come up in Cortés's
residencia.
Ponce de León arrived in Mexico City and presented himself to the
ayuntamiento (city government) on
July 5,
1526. He carried with him a decree from Toledo dated
November 4,
1525 granting him the extraordinary powers.
He left all the officials of the ayuntamiento in their positions. He was about 65 years old and ill with fever contracted on his arrival in
Veracruz. The fever didn't let up even after his arrival in the capital. After taking office, he retired from public occupations and then died. Before his death he turned over his functions to Aguilar. Aguilar took over the government on
July 16,
1526. Also on that date,
Diego Hernández de Proaño became
alguicil general (general bailiff), named by the king.
Four days later Ponce de León died.
The day after his appointment, Aguilar named
Gerónimo de Medina his associate in the government of the colony. The
cabildo (city council) of Mexico City, composed of partisans of Cortés, at first rejected his authority. However, Aguilar was a man of energy and ability, and soon imposed his authority. Cortés himself disdained to recognize him. On
December 1,
1526 Cortés, as
captain-general of New Spain, announced some decrees that caused public friction between the two.
On
January 7,
1527,
Antonio Cordero became
alguicil de campo (bailiff of the countryside), named by Aguilar. The
alguicil general had a voice and a vote in the municipal councils that governed the capital and other towns. The
alguicil de campo represented the farmers and ranchers outside of the cities.
Like his predecessor, Aguilar, also aged, died after governing only a short while (7½ months). Shortly before his death, he named Treasurer Alonso de Estrada as his successor. Cortés was suspected of poisoning both royal officials.
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